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Imperial Wireless Chain
The Imperial Wireless Chain was a strategic international wireless telegraphy communications network, created to link the countries of the British Empire. Although the idea was conceived prior to World War I, Britain was the last of the world's Great Powers to implement an operational system.〔(Empire Wireless ) Papers Past, Evening Post (New Zealand), published 1923-04-23, accessed 2010-10-03〕 The first link in the chain, between Leafield in Oxfordshire and Cairo, Egypt, eventually opened on 24 April 1922,〔 with the final link, between Australia and Canada, opening on 16 June 1928.〔(Beam Wireless ) Papers Past, Evening Post (New Zealand), published 1928-06-16, accessed 2010-10-03〕
==Initial scheme==
In 1910 the Colonial Office received a formal proposal from the Marconi Company, to construct series of wireless telegraphy stations to link the British Empire within three years.〔 While not then accepted, the Marconi proposal created serious interest in the concept.〔(New Marconi Agreement ), Hansard, Published 1913-08-08, accessed 2010-10-03〕
Parliament ruled out the creation of a private monopoly to provide the service and concluded that no government department was in a position to do so, and the Treasury were very reluctant to fund the creation of a new department. It was decided that contracting the construction to a commercial "wireless company" was the favoured option,〔 and a contract was signed with Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Company in March 1912. The Government then found itself facing severe criticism and appointed a select committee to examine the topic.〔(The Official History of Rugby Radio Station ) Subterranea Britannica, Malcolm Hancock, accessed 2010-10-04〕 After hearing evidence from the Admiralty, War Office, India Office, and representatives from South Africa, the Committee unanimously concluded that a "chain of Imperial wireless stations" should be established as a matter of urgency.〔 An Expert Committee also advised that Marconi were the only company with technology that was proven to operate reliably over the distances required (in excess of ) "if rapid installation and immediate and trustworthy communication be desired".〔
After further negotiations prompted by Treasury pressure, a modified contract was ratified by Parliament on 8 August 1913, with 221 Members of Parliament voting in favour, 140 against.〔 The course of these events were disrupted somewhat by the breaking of the Marconi scandal, when it was alleged that highly placed members of the governing Liberal party had used their knowledge of the negotiations to indulge in insider trading in Marconi's shares. Of rather more consequence was the outbreak of World War I, which led to the suspension of the contract by the Government.〔 Meanwhile Germany, in contrast, successfully constructed its own wireless chain before the war, for the cost equivalent to two million pounds sterling, and was able to use it to its advantage during the conflict.〔(The Wireless Chain ) Papers Past, Evening Post (New Zealand), published 1915-09-11, accessed 2010-10-03〕
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